State-provided legal aid in Latvia and in the world

Valsts nodrošināta juridiskā palīdzība ir viens no taisnīgas tiesa sastāvdaļām. Īpaši svarīga šāda palīdzība ir kriminālprocesā, jo nodrošina personu ar advokāta aizstāvību. Lai gan tiesiskais regulējums ir izstrādāts, tas ir jāpilnveido, ņemot vērā citu valstu tiesu praksi. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt valsts nodrošinātās juridiskās palīdzības saņemšanas tiesisko regulējumu Latvijā un citās valstīs, konstatējot problēmjautājumus tiesiskajā regulējumā. Darba mērķa sasniegšanai tiek izvirzīti šādi uzdevumi: 1) analizēt valsts nodrošinātās juridiskās palīdzības saņemšanas vispārīgos nosacījumus; 2) pētīt valsts nodrošinātās juridiskās palīdzības saņemšanu atsevišķos procesos; 3) izpētīt valsts nodrošinātās juridiskās palīdzības saņemšanas tiesisko regulējumu citās valstīs.State-provided legal aid is one of the components of a fair trial. Such assistance is particularly important in criminal proceedings, since it provides a person with a lawyer's defence. Although the legal framework has been developed, it needs to be further developed in the light of other countries' practices. The aim of the bachelor's work is to explore the legal framework for receiving legal assistance provided by the State in Latvia and other countries, identifying issues in the legal framework. In order to achieve the objective of work, the following objectives are identified: 1) to analyse the general conditions for the receipt of legal assistance provided by the State; 2) to study the receipt of legal assistance provided by the State in separate processes; 3) to examine the legal framework for the receipt of legal aid provided by the State in other countries

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Intercalated PP/OMMT Nanocomposites

The preparation of polymer nanocomposites by melt compounding polypropylene (PP) with organically modified montmorillonite using maleic anhydride modified PP as compatibilizer is described. Compositions with organomontmorillonite content 0, 5, 10 wt.% were prepared and tested. Data on the influence of organomontmorillonite content on the tensile stress–strain curves, elastic modulus, strength, and ultimate elongation of the nanocomposites are obtained. The concentration dependences of elastic properties of materials with differently oriented plate like nanoparticles analyses taking into account hierarchical structure features of nanocomposites is considered. Theoretical analysis results are compared with experimental data. The presence of unexfoliated particles in the form of multilayer packages must be taken into account. The results of an investigation of hardness, impact strength, and thermal properties of polymer nanocomposites are presented. Tension creep tests were performed to predict nanocomposites long term deformation behaviour

Moisture Permeability of a Polymer Nanocomposite Containing Unmodified Clay

Results of an investigation into the kinetics of moisture sorption by an unfilled styrene-acrylate copolymer and a nanocomposite containing unmodified montmorillonite clay are reported. The sorption tests were performed at 25°C and different levels of the relative humidity of air up to 80%. The moisture diffusivity was calculated using Fick’s equation for one-dimensional diffusion. Data on the influence of montmorillonite concentration on the coefficients of diffusion, solubility, and permeability are obtained. The experimental values of the permeability coefficient are compared with those calculated by using a model taking into account the increased path of a diffusing water molecule caused by the shielding effect of plate like filler particles

Investigation of Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Acrylic Copolymer / Organically Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

The nanocomposites were prepared by blending styrene-acrylate copolymer solution with dispersed organically modified montmorillonite. Nano-compositions with different filler concentrations were obtained and tested. Influence of organically modified monmorillonite on the tensile stress - strain curves, elastic modulus, strength, elongation at break and the properties of water vapour barrier (permeability, solubility and diffusivity) are investigated

Starch Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites: Structure and Properties

Plasticized starch (PS)/montmorillonite clay (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by casting technique. Structural features, stress-strain characteristics and sorption properties were investigated. Upon introduction of rather small amounts of MMT, the PS parameters of the mechanical and barrier properties considerably improve. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the materials examined decrease with increased moisture content, but the effect of reinforcement of PS with MMT nanoparticles remain intact

Starch Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites: Structure and Properties

In this research plasticized starch (PS) based nanocomposites with varying montmorillonite clay (M) content (1 to 6 wt. %) are investigated. Focus is laid on the development of the fabrication technology of the nanocomposites by using solution intercalation method. Structure, as well as tensile properties and moisture sorption-desorption kinetics of the PS/M nanocomposites are investigated in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the nanocomposite’s fabrication technology. According to the results of the structural, mechanical and sorption properties of the nanocomposites it is concluded that best manufacturing procedure of the PS/M nanocomposites should include several important technological steps: (1) proper preparation of the M dispersion in the distilled water; (2) treatment of the M dispersion with ultrasound (US) at specific technological parameters; (3) fabrication of the PS/M nanocomposites with defined amounts of water, glycerol, starch and M. Based on the results of these investigations mathematical models for characterization of the elastic and sorption properties of the PS/M nanocomposite are developed

Starch Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites: Structure and Properties

In this research plasticized starch (PS) based nanocomposites with varying montmorillonite clay (M) content (1 to 6 wt. %) are investigated. Focus is laid on the development of the fabrication technology of the nanocomposites by using solution intercalation method. Structure, as well as tensile properties and moisture sorption-desorption kinetics of the PS/M nanocomposites are investigated in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the nanocomposite’s fabrication technology. According to the results of the structural, mechanical and sorption properties of the nanocomposites it is concluded that best manufacturing procedure of the PS/M nanocomposites should include several important technological steps: (1) proper preparation of the M dispersion in the distilled water; (2) treatment of the M dispersion with ultrasound (US) at specific technological parameters; (3) fabrication of the PS/M nanocomposites with defined amounts of water, glycerol, starch and M. Based on the results of these investigations mathematical models for characterization of the elastic and sorption properties of the PS/M nanocomposite are developed